1920
1921
history - the International Working Union of Socialist Parties is formed in Vienna - Irish Republican Army kills at least nine British troops - the Allies of World War I reparations commission announce that Germany has to pay 132 billion gold marks ($33 trillion) in annual installments of 2.5 billion - the death penalty is abolished in Sweden - the province of Northern Ireland is created within the United Kingdom - the Communist Party of China is officially founded - U.S. President Warren Harding signs a joint congressional resolution declaring an end to America's state of war with Germany, Austria and Hungary - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of the Nazi Party
culture - the first BCG vaccination against tuberculosis is given - researchers at the University of Toronto announce the discovery of the hormone insulin - Jewish immigration to Palestine grows rapidly because the USA drastically limited immigration from Eastern Europe - Summerhill Scholl established by Alexander Sutherland Neill first in Hellerau near Dresden, Germany - Charles Francis Jenkins with a group of friends incorporates Jenkins Laboratories in Washington, D.C. with the purpose of "developing radio movies to be broadcast for entertainment in the home" - the Einstein Tower near Potsdam, Germany, designed by Erich Mendelsohn is completed - Luigi Pirandello: Six Characters in Search of an Author
music - Donaueschinger Musiktage (Donaueschingen Festival) is founded in Germany (oldest and one of the most important festivals for contemporary music in the world) - Arthur Honegger: Le Roi David - Leoš Janáček: Katya Kabanova; The Diary of One Who Disappeared - Sergei Prokofiev: The Love for Three Oranges - Enrico Caruso (†) - Engelbert Humperdinck (†)
musical instruments - the vibraphone in its original form is invented
first released recordings by Alberta Hunter, Norfolk Jazz And Jubilee Quartet, Mary Stafford, Ethel Waters, Clarence Williams, Edith Wilson
- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Katie Crippen, Henderson's Novelty Orchestra (Chink Johnson, Edgar Campbell, Cordy Williams?, Fletcher Henderson...) / Ethel Water, Her Jazz Masters (Garvin Bushellm Charlie Jackson?, Fletcher Henderson...)
- 1921.01.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Mary Stafford, Her Jazz Band (Addington Major or Charlie Gaines, Earl Granstaff, Ben Whittet, Nelson Kincaid, Charlie Johnson)
- 1921.01.00? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Southland Jubilee Singers (Lena Wilson?, Martha Adams?, Nellie Nixon?, (Miss) Bush?, Hamilton James?, Jonas Anderson?, Jerry Anderson?, Frank Horace?)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Paramount - Flo Bert...
- 1921.01.28 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Original Dixieland Jass Band (Nick LaRocca, Benny Krueger, Eddie Edwards, Larry Shields, J. Russel Robinson, Tony Sparbaro)
- 1921.02.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Jim Reevy, Clarence Harris, Bill Hegamin, Ralph Escudero, Kaiser Marshall...)
- 1921.02.17 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Mattie Hite, Julian Motley
- 1921.02.21? - US: New York City - recordings for Okeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Hounds (Johnnie Dunn, Buster Bailey, Leroy Parker, Phil Worde, Harry Hull or Chink Johnson...)
- 1921.02.22? - US: New York City - recordings for Okeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Hounds (Johnnie Dunn, Buster Bailey, Leroy Parker, Phil Worde, Harry Hull or Chink Johnson...)
- 1921.03.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Charlie Irvis?. Harvey Boone?, Bill Hegamin?, Ralph Escudero?...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Pathé Actuelle - Lavinia Turner, Gus Aiken?, Jake Frazier?, Garvin Bushell?, Wilie Gant?, Spivey?, Joe Banks?
- 1921.03.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Mary Stafford, Her Jazz Band (Charlie Gaines, Erl Granstaff, Ben Whittet, Nelson Kincaid, George Breen, Charlie Johnson
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Norfolk Jazz Quartet (or as Norfolk Jazz Quartette) (James "Buddy" Butts, Otto Tutson, Delrose Hollins, Len Williams)
- 1921.03.21? - US: New York City - recordings for Cardinal - Ethel Waters, Albury's Blue And Jazz Seven (Wesley Johnson, Jim Reevy, Clarence Harris, Wilson Kyer, Ralph Escudero, Kaiser Marshall...)
- 1921.03.22? - US: New York City - recordings for Cardinal - Ethel Waters, Albury's Blue And Jazz Seven (Wesley Johnson, Jim Reevy, Clarence Harris, Wilson Kyer, Ralph Escudero, Kaiser Marshall...)
- 1921.03.29? - US: New York City - recordings for Emerson - Lillyn Brown, Her Jazz-Bo Syncopators (Ed Cox, Herb Flemming, Garvin Bushell, Johnny Mullins, Lutice Perkins...)
- 1921.04.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Charlie Irvis?. Harvey Boone?, Bill Hegamin?, Ralph Escudero?...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Lulu Whidby, Henderson's Novelty Orchestra (Chink Johnson?, Edgar Campbell?, Cordy Williams?, Fletcher Henderson...) (or as Lulu Whidby And Her Syncopators or as E. White And Her Alabama Seven)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - The Brymn's Black Devil Four, Tim Brymn?
- 1921.04.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Gennett - Daisy Martin, Five Jazz Bell Hops
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Gertrude Saunders, Tim Brymn And His Black Devil Orchestra (W.H. Hicks, Albert Foster, James Reevy, Maylon Hall, Joseph Lymus, Santiago Sanchez, Isadore Under, G. Paris, Geo. Peeks)
- 1921.04.15 -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Daisy Martin, Her Jazz Bell Hops (Gus Aiken, Jake Frazier, Garvin Bushell, Dude Finlay...)
- 1921.04.28 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Lavinia Turner...
- 1921.05.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Charlie Irvis?. Harvey Boone?, Bill Hegamin?, Ralph Escudero?...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Alberta Hunter, Ray Dreamland Orchestra/Henderson's Novelty Orchestra (Fletcher Henderson...) / Ethel Waters, Cordy Williams' Jazz Masters (Edgar Campbell, Fletcher Henderson...)
- 1921.05.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for ? - James P. Johnson
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Mary Stafford, Her Jazz Band
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Pathé Actuelle - Lavinia Turner, Her Jazz Band (Gus Aiken?, Jake Frazier?, Willie Gant?, Spivey?, Joe Banks?...)
- 1921.05.03 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Lavinia Turner, Original Dixieland Jass Band (Nick LaRocca, Benny Krueger, Eddie Edwards, Larry Shields, Frank Signorelli, Tony Sparbaro)
- 1921.05.09? - US: New York City - recordings for Emerson - Lillyn Brown, Her Jazz-Bo Syncopators (Ed Cox, Herb Flemming, Garvin Bushell, Johnny Mullins, Lutice Perkins...)
- 1921.05.20? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Johnny Dunn, Buster Bailey, Phil Worde, Mort Perry...)
- 1921.05.25 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Al Bernard, Original Dixieland Jass Band (Nick LaRocca, Benny Krueger, Eddie Edwards, Larry Shields, Frank Signorelli, Tony Sparbaro)
- 1921.06.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Katie Crippen, Henderson's Novelty Orchestra (Buster Bailey, Fletcher Henderson...)
- 1921.06.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Southern Negro Quartette (or as Southern Quartette) / Mary Stafford...
- 1921.06.07 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Al Bernard, Original Dixieland Jass Band (Nick LaRocca, Benny Krueger, Eddie Edwards, Larry Shields, Frank Signorelli, Tony Sparbaro)
- 1921.06.15 -- US: New York City - recordings for Edison - The Southern 4
- 1921.07.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan/Paramount - Four Harmony Kings (Ivan Harold Browning, William H. Berry, Charles E. Drayron, William A. Hann...)
- 1921.07.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Southern Negro Quartette (or as Southern Quartette)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Daisy Martin, Her Jazz Bell Hops (Gus Aiken, Jake Frazier, Garvin Bushell, Dude Finlay...) / Norfolk Jazz Quartet (or as Norfolk Jazz Quartette, or as Norfolk Jubilee Four) (James "Buddy" Butts, Otto Tutson, Delrose Hollins, Len Williams)
- 1921.07.12? - US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Bert Williams, studio orchestra
- 1921.07.13? - US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Bert Williams, studio orchestra
- 1921.07.13 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Southern Negro Quartette
- 1921.07.14 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Southern Negro Quartette
- 1921.08.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Alice Leslie Carter, Jimmie Johnson's Jazz Boys (June Clark, James P. Johnson...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - James P. Johnson
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Emerson - Four Harmony Kings (Ivan Harold Browning, William H. Berry, Charles E. Drayron, William A. Hann...)
- 1921.08.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Julius Berkin, Eph Hannaford, Joseph Samuels, Nathan Glantz, Larry Briers)
- 1921.08.01? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Daisy Martin, Tampa Blue Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Ephraim Hannaford, Joe Samuels, Larry Briers, George H. Green or Joe Green)
- 1921.08.10? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Daisy Martin, Tampa Blue Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Ephraim Hannaford, Joe Samuels, Larry Briers, George H. Green or Joe Green)
- 1921.08.18? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Julius Berkin, Eph Hannaford, Joseph Samuels, Nathan Glantz, Larry Briers)
- 1921.08.23 -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Julius Berkin, Eph Hannaford, Nathan Glantz, Joseph Samuels...)
- 1921.08.29? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Julius Berkin, Eph Hannaford, Nathan Glantz, Joseph Samuels...)
- 1921.08.30? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Eph Hannaford, Joseph Schmidt, Nathan Glantz, Larry Briers, Herman Berkin...)
- 1921.09.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Alice Leslie Carter, Jimmie Johnson's Jazz Boys (June Clark, James P. Johnson...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Ethel Waters, Her Jazz Masters (Chink Johnson?, Garvin Bushell, Herschel Brassfield?, Charlie Jackson?, Fletcher Henderson, Ralph Escudero?)
- 1921.09.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Mary Stafford, Her Jazz Band / Edith Wilson, Johnny Dunn's Original Jazz Hounds (Garvin Bushell...) / Edith Wilson, Johnny Dunn, Bud Aiken?, Garvin Bushell...
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Norfolk Jazz Quartet (James "Buddy" Butts, Otto Tutson, Delrose Hollins, Len Williams) / Palmetto Jazz Quartet
- 1921.09.02? - US: New York City - recordings for Pathé Actuelle - Lavinia Turner, J.P. Johnson's Harmony Seven (James P. Johnson...)
- 1921.09.05? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Julius Berkin, Eph Hannaford, Joseph Samuels, Nathan Glantz, Larry Briers...)
- 1921.09.05? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Esther Bigeou...
- 1921.09.07? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Virginia Female Jubilee Singers
- 1921.09.10? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith...
- 1921.09.13? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Virginia Female Jubilee Singers
- 1921.09.15 -- US: New York City - recordings for Cardinal - Dorothy Dodd...
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Gennett - Miss Lee (Eliza Christmas Lee (Amelia Christmas))...
- 1921.09.17 -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Josephine Carter (Josephine Stephens), Tampa Blue Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Nathan Glantz, Joseph Samuels, Larry Briers...)
- 1921.09.22 -- US: New York City - recordings for Cardinal - Dorothy Dodd...
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Josephine Carter (Josephine Stephens), Tampa Blue Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Nathan Glantz, Joseph Samuels, Larry Briers...)
- 1921.10.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Dorothy Dodd... / Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Charlie Irvis?, Harvey Boone?, Bill Hegamin?, Ralph Escudero?...)
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Black Swan - Essie Whitman, The Jazz Masters (Gus Aiken?, Bud Aiken, Garvin Bushell, Joe Elder, Charlie Jackson, Fletcher Henderson, Johnny Mitchell?)
- 1921.10.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Edith Wilson, Johnny Dunn, Bud Aiken?, Garvin Bushell...
- 1921.10.12? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Mamie Smith, Her Jazz Hounds (Bubber Milley, Jake Green, Bob Fuller, George Bell, Gilliam, Curtis Moseley)
- 1921.10.18 -- US: New York City - recordings for ? - James P. Johnson
- 1921.10.21 -- US: New York City - recordings for ? - James P. Johnson
- 1921.10.24? - US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Bert Williams, studio orchestra
- 1921.10.28? - US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Bert Williams, studio orchestra
- 1921.11.00? - US: New York City - recordings for Arto - Alice Leslie Carter... / Lucille Hegamin, Her Blue Flame Syncopators (Wesley Johnson, Charlie Irvis?. Harvey Boone?, Bill Hegamin?, Ralph Escudero?...)
- 1921.11.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Pathé Actuelle - Lavinia Turner, James P. Johnson
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Mary Stafford, Her Jazz Band
- 1921.11.02 -- US: New York City - recordings for Federal - Dorothy Dodd...
- ---- --- -- -- -- US: New York City - recordings for Gennett - Eliza Christmas Lee (Amelia Christmas), Her Jazz Band (Gus Aiken, Jake Frazier, Garvin Bushell, Willie Gant, Spivey, Joe Banks
- 1921.11.05? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Esther Bigeou...
- 1921.11.15? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Esther Bigeou...
- 1921.12.00 -- US: New York City - recordings for Columbia - Edith Wilson, Her Jazz Hounds (Johnny Dunn, Herb Fleming, Ernest Elliott, Herschel Brassfield, Dan Wilson, Johnny Mitchell, Harry Hull)
- 1921.12.01 -- US: New York City - recordings for Victor - Al Bernard, Original Dixieland Jass Band (Nick LaRocca, Benny Krueger, Eddie Edwards, Larry Shields, Frank Signorelli, Tony Sparbaro)
- 1921.12.05? - US: New York City - recordings for OKeh - Daisy Martin, Clarence Williams, Tampa Blue Jazz Band (Jules Levy, Ephraim Hannaford, Joe Samuels, Larry Briers, George H. Green or Joe Green)
- 1921.12.07 -- US: New York City - recordings for Edison - The Southern 4